Culture and Globalization Essay

INTRODUCTIONIdentity is a question that may be expressed by an anxiety and a hope at the same time. The anxiety lies in the sense of the innovation of our Moroc enkindle identity in every last(predicate) its dimensions, Arabo-berber, Muslim negro-African and modern. It also lies in our existence in the world in unlike parts of the planet where we assimilate decided, voluntarily or non, to assert our existence a planet that has become a finished space, a worldwide village, surrounded by all kinds of flows, economic, human, electronic, and ethnic, which argon aspects of globalisation a globalisation that could non only be a kind of interdependence among the tribeal spaces which existence is still alive but also an national phenomenon in these spaces. The advantages and disadvantages of this multiform appendage can diverge from one partisan to anformer(a). Some see in it the chance of a new world and others see in it the risk of an unmatchable oppression.The problem of t he Arabo Islamic identity or Arab identity occupies the front of the scene. The Islamic world has never been so active in the sense of the fashion of identity, mayhap because of the more and more enigmatic character of this identity because as Dryush Shayagan reminds, more than the ethnic and the religious identities, we queue a third one in summing up that emerges from modernity. He adds that the three identities fit one into the other, create more and more complex fields of interference, and exploit territories that remain most of the time incompatible with separately other. He goes on declaring that today, these identical cultures are situated in the midst of the not yet and the never ever not yet modern and never ever traditional. These identities that live henceforth, in between the two are totally burst according to Dryush.1At first glance, this triple identity raises obstacles to communication, but on the originator of advanceing in fitting out their respective spaces, it offers on the other hand, new possibilities of communication.The assertion of a reactive and atomic reactorive Arabian Islamic identity was the adequate answer to the colonial dominion. Today, however, the reflection has to fit and adapt itself to the requirements of a situation namely, globalization, that orders that identity becomes seen as open, diverse and it has to be attentive to pluralism in the internal as well as the external bewilders.We can think that the new network of information and communication will favour the emergence of new forms of citizenship allergic to fill the current democratic deficit. Media permanently present information in the different parts of the world. With the means of information which the profits network prefigures today, the individual can have a more active role in the search for information. One can also contact a multitude of people of different nationalities, discuss problems of public interest, and express his/her opinions in public forums.GLOBALIZATION, CULTURE, AND THE MOROCCAN IDENTITYIt is crucial to see globalization from an academic point of view as on that point is a strong link bounding globalization and culture. The global culture belongs to what Simon During calls transnationalization.2 This latter is the process by which cultural products extend their actual space to emerge in a global area. Cultural studies are a kind of reaction to this process. Going deeper in this perspective, we come across many points that may link globalization to culture if we meditate that culture is a topical anesthetic issue that may be influenced by the global market, the global sight, or may itself influence the global sphere if it is considered as a tradition or a way of aliveness.Culture, from another view, maybe considered as the basis of the device of ones identity but once influences by globalization, the identity may change and we may adopt some practices and beliefs that may be no more appropriate to the loc al culture. Education is another point where globalization and culture meet. Students nowaydays, are no more interested by some issues tackling family or social events, but preferably opt to get aware of the global economic and capitalistic changes that the actual world witnesses.Culture is a part of our identity. If we change culture, we change our identity. Stewart Hall argues that in a changing history, identity should remain the same though it is far from being the case of the modern world were living in and where identities are in a permanent process of change and transformation and this is the result of globalization. Always according to Hall, the construction of identity is made by the sight of the other. In other words, the negative view on the other makes of our identity a positive one. The process of constructing identity then is based on opposition. If the sight of the other makes of us who we really are, we are then no more free to chose according to our own tastes but rather chose according to others reactions3. This may seem enigmatic in a sense and annoying in another.How can globalization affect our own sense of belonging? Belonging to a particular nation and adopting a specific culture is not a matter of choice, it is because we belong to a certain ethnic group that has its own tradition, culture and religion. Once we find ourselves involved in a pre-created world, the acceptance becomes an automatic reaction, but when our sense of belonging to a cultural space or another becomes guided by the global pressures, our identity gets hurt and our mind fragmented and confused between what is ours and what is theirs (what is local and what is global).The global popular is the means of communication that occupies an important place in the projection of visual images to spread information (TV, satellite, meshwork). If I insist on citing the global popular as one of the links between globalization and culture, it is because I judge it of a high impor tance and necessity to remind the idea that Simon During came with and which expresses the impossibility to separate the global popular from the global culture.He unbroken arguing that the reason was not only that both of them belong to a single globalizing system but also because the relation between various forms of cultural products are changing and transacting.4 Similarly, Arjun Appadurai cited in his essay Modernity at Large one of the most important means of the circulating forms which is the mediascape. Like the global popular, mediascapes go away any information to become local through all kinds of the modern media. By this way the local culture may be adopted by different societies and consequently be global.5GLOBALIZATION AND MEDIAToday globalization arouses number of controversies. The term by itself condenses anxieties it evokes, quite at the same time, the shrinkage of the planet bound to technological innovations and the massive impact of the triumphant capitalism th at imposes its extreme dominance.Appadurai approaches, in a frontal way, the question of globalization. He put in the centre of his depth psychology the notion of flows. For him, what defines the contemporary world is much more circulation than structures and stable organizations. The proof is quite clear when we see people constantly moving from one place to another and the extraordinary development of mass communication with images transited throughout the planet. Until then, the individual lived and conceived himself in certain limits. From a simple geopolitical point of view, the nation postulate was considered as a stable referent within it, the dimension of the local used to have a great importance conferring to each individual in a given society their privileged points of anchoring.In this context, the identical constructions occur in a permanent game of opposition between the self and the other, between the inside and the outside. But migrations on the one hand, and the med ia flows on the other hand, disrupted the spreading order until then. What interests Appadurai is the way this situation not only alters the material life of people but also tends to give an incomparable role to imagination. This does not mean that previously societies have not abundantly, neither in their mythological, literary nor fine productions, appealed to this faculty. Henceforth, imagination is no more limited in some specific domains of expression, but it changes the daily practices, notably the migratory situations where migrants find themselves obliged to create in their exile a world of them by using all the images that media allow them to receive.6The technological progress InternetThe cable and internet offer multiple means to reconstitute communities including migrants and those who stayed in their countries. When we come across globalization of communication we inevitably think of internet. Internet is considered to be the symbol of and at the same time, a vehicle for the development of the future mediatic landscape. As a polymorphic tool spread everywhere, internet is actually inescapable in the study of the actual communication processes.If we consider internet as a media, we automatically notice that it is a quite particular one. Among modern mass media, internet is characterized by a potentially or at least virtually wide broadcasting. It is one of the facets of the internet ideology everybody can have access to messages, everywhere and so to speak with no constraints, and at the same time, internet presents specific characteristics that make of it an exceptional media.Unlike press or radio-television that necessitate material and financial means, licenses, and a diffusion and distribution network, by internet everything is easier. Everybody can be a transmitter and everybody is potentially provider of contents but not everybody can create his/her own television send contrary to internet by which each one or closely can create a web sit e with only an online computer. All this is almost free more than the accommodating of private individuals that is also, more or less, free.If we consider internet as a media, it is then the time in the history of mass communication when each citizen and each association has the ability to play in the same ground as that of the wide mediatic groups or the big companies. Yve Thiran states that from this point of view, internet is a means of communication par excellence and it is not surprising that the excluded traditional media were the first to use it.7What seems to be new in the case of internet is not really the fact that it facilitates the emergence of multiple forms of sites and more or less alternative means of information, but rather the fact that the local structuralizations have voluntarily or not, reached the world as a whole. The neighbouring radio stations diffusion is limited in the neighbourhood, while the expression on the sugar may give the impression to address the whole planet. A neighbouring radio station, once installed in the web, can be heard by the whole world. impertinent to the press of radio-television, internet still looks for its place in the media landscape8 grouping sites together, contents, services and very (too) diverse possibilities to aspire to a real unit of speech (but it is not probably the purpose of internet neither), in a social gratitude other than the connotations that can be socially planed on the new technologies of information and communication in general.In other words, as we find everything on internet, it is still its strict technical dimension that allows an observer to apprehend it, to seize it mentally and conceptually and to succeed in defining it differently. What is internet then? It is a media, a commercial space, a means of information, a shop window, and a place for exchange and expression that is to say, so many activities where the interlocutors position themselves differently. The earphone is not a newspaper nevertheless, internet can be at the same time a telephone and a newspaper, an advertisement hoarding and a room of debate.CONCLUSIONBorn Jamaican, the English cultural theorist Stuart Hall argued that identity must be mute in terms of politics of localization, of location and statement not as a process of discovery of lost roots but as the construction of a new or emergent shape of ourselves, linked at the same time to the actual social dealings and to the contemporary power relations. While most of us clearly wish to respect most of the aspects of our tradition and history, Hall suggests that we also need, for speaking, to understand languages which we were not taught. We need to understand and appreciate the traditions and inheritances of cultural expressions in a new and creative way as the context in which they are produced evolves constantly.91 Shayagan Dryush, La Lumire vient de lOccident, Paris lAube, 2001, Entretiens du XXI Sicle, O Vont les Valeurs, UNES CO, Abbin Michel, Paris, 2004.2 Simon During, Postcolonialism and Globalization, Culture, Globalization and the World System, ed., Anthony King, Dinghamton, 1991. 3 Stuart Hall, Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities, Culture, Globalization and the World System, Current Debates in Art account 3, State of New York Bihghamton, 1991, pp. 41-68. 4 Arif Dirlik, The Local in the Global, Global/Local Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary, eds., Rob Wilson and William Dissanayake, Durham Duke UP, 1996. 5 Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large, Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, popular Worlds, Vol. 1, London University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 6 Arjun Appadurai, Aprs le Colonialisme, Paris Payot, 2001.7 Yve Thiran, Sexes, Monsenges et Internet, Bruxelles Castells-Labor, Coll. quartier Libre, 2000, p. 42. 8 Yve Thiran shows that the internet needs traditional media such as television to be able to ingest the impact that it had notably during the Clinton- Lewinsky affaire. (Thiran, p. 43) 9 Stuart Hall, Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities, Culture, Globalization and the World System, Current Debates in Art History 3, State of New York Bihghamton, 1991, pp. 41-68.