Consciousness Essays - Sleep, Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Consciousness Numerous factors determine when and why you feel tired, full of energy, and hungry. A person's state of consciousness and awareness varies throughout the day and depends on a person's activity, environment, and time clock. As a human we have what is called circadian rhythms, which simply explains our daily highs and lows. An example of your basic up and down rhythm would be the sleep/wake cycle. Sunlight regulates the sleep/wake cycle by causing the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease its production of melatonin in the early morning and increase it in the evening. Melatonin is a hormone that if increased in blood levels makes an individual drowsy or tired and if decreased will make them more alert. Certain individuals will experience that their biological clock is often out of sync. This can be explained sometimes from either jet lag, working the night shifts or graveyards, and Monday-morning fog. Sleep in itself has its own biological patterns and rhythms. Hans Berger introduced the electroencephalograph to us so that we would be able to measure the patterns and rhythms of sleep through a record called an EEG. Two different patterns of sleep are REM sleep and NREM sleep. The NREM sleep actually has four stages involved in it. During the first stage a person becomes slightly drowsy because of the mixture of alpha and theta brain waves. At the second stage, an individual tends to have bursts of brain activity for a short time, which in terms are called sleep spindles. The second stage also involves theta brain waves and the beginning of delta waves. The third and fourth stages of NREM sleep are often referred to as "slow-wave sleep". Both of these stages are measured by the amount of delta brain wave activity. During REM sleep, the sleeper is unconsciously active. His eyelids may flutter, he may have increased heart rate, and occasional muscle spasms. The two basic sleep theories are the evolutionary and restorative theories of sleep. The evolutionary theory of sleep suggests that our sleep patterns are based on or defined by evolution. The second theory simply offers that sleeping restores and rejuvenates the body through physiological processes. Sleeping disorders have a variety of effects on a person. Insomnia simply disallows an individual to actually fall into deep sleep and feel rested in the morning. Sleepwalking and night terrors are much more common in childhood then in the adult life and occur during the deepest stages of NREM sleep. When a person repeatedly stops breathing during his sleep it is called sleep apnea. This sleeping disorder usually tends to occur in older more heavy weight men. Another sleeping disorder is narcolepsy, which sends an individual in an instant phase of deep REM sleep regardless of where they are and whom they are with. Dreaming is yet another state of consciousness. A dream is simply an unfolding episode of mental images that involve characters and events. Dreams usually tend to occur during REM sleep but can occur during NREM sleep as well. We dream on a variety of topics, subjects, and individuals. No dream can be exactly interpreted or defined, therefore people have always been fascinated with what, why, and how we dream. An unpleasant and almost terrifying type of dream is a nightmare. This is a very vivid, almost real like state that produces quick anxiety and a sense of helplessness in the situation. Another type of dream would be the lucid dream in which the dreamer knows he is dreaming and can often guide the course of his dream. Hypnosis is a very controversial state of awareness because of its changes to an individual's perception, memory, and behavior. Not everyone can be hypnotized. The most susceptible people are those who approach it with a positive attitude. When subjects are deeply hypnotized they have said to experience detachment from their bodies or extreme relaxation which changes their subjective experience of consciousness. When a posthypnotic suggestion is made during hypnosis the subject will act on that for a short time after being hypnotized and sometimes up to a couple of days after the session. Ernest Hilgard suggested that while hypnotized a person experiences dissociation that splits consciousness into two or more streams of mental activity. Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that alter moods, perceptions, as well as a person's conscious state. After abusing a psychoactive drug for a period of time your body will become physically adapted to it and create a tolerance for it and in return a person will increase their intake of that drug to feel the

Free Essays on Wings

Evaluation ["A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" and "Cathedral"] Evaluating the two stories "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" and "Cathedral" for the extent to which they open us for moral and social complexities of their theme. And comparing the stories with how the meaning of their theme leads us to consider the way their actions and issues fit in with larger cultural, social, political, and intellectual concerns. The moral and social complexities of each story are only apparent after the whole story is read. Marquez uses the old man with wings to show how ignorant people often are to the common miracles of life. Through the very human like characteristics of the man and the genuinely authentic town and citizens Marquez established and anonymous stance on what took place except for the details he places in the story. Similarly, Carver uses the invitation of a blind man into his home, breaking the restriction people often place upon themselves when it comes to dealing with people of different qualities. This invitation at first is a troubling experience for the man telling the story. At the end though he is seeing the world in whole new perspectives. In Marquez’s story the reader is left with a feeling of emptiness when the man just flies off, never sharing his origin. Also the tone of the story makes the reader pity the town for their treatment of this man, which never goes resolved. The emptiness and pity the reader has helps to make the assumption that the people are totally stereotypical and will continue to be after the story ends. However, unlike the continuance of stereotyping in Marquez’s story, Carver contradicts these stereotypes by allowing the voice to see thing in non-stereotypical ways. Most of the stereotyping can be directly related to the physical condition of the main characters and also the ambiguity. The reader finds the old man, â€Å"lying down in the mud, who in spite of his tremendou... Free Essays on Wings Free Essays on Wings Evaluation ["A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" and "Cathedral"] Evaluating the two stories "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" and "Cathedral" for the extent to which they open us for moral and social complexities of their theme. And comparing the stories with how the meaning of their theme leads us to consider the way their actions and issues fit in with larger cultural, social, political, and intellectual concerns. The moral and social complexities of each story are only apparent after the whole story is read. Marquez uses the old man with wings to show how ignorant people often are to the common miracles of life. Through the very human like characteristics of the man and the genuinely authentic town and citizens Marquez established and anonymous stance on what took place except for the details he places in the story. Similarly, Carver uses the invitation of a blind man into his home, breaking the restriction people often place upon themselves when it comes to dealing with people of different qualities. This invitation at first is a troubling experience for the man telling the story. At the end though he is seeing the world in whole new perspectives. In Marquez’s story the reader is left with a feeling of emptiness when the man just flies off, never sharing his origin. Also the tone of the story makes the reader pity the town for their treatment of this man, which never goes resolved. The emptiness and pity the reader has helps to make the assumption that the people are totally stereotypical and will continue to be after the story ends. However, unlike the continuance of stereotyping in Marquez’s story, Carver contradicts these stereotypes by allowing the voice to see thing in non-stereotypical ways. Most of the stereotyping can be directly related to the physical condition of the main characters and also the ambiguity. The reader finds the old man, â€Å"lying down in the mud, who in spite of his tremendou...

Nike Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Case Study Analysis - Essay Example According to Jeff Ballinger, a key Nike critic, he argued that Nike’s policy of competing on the basis of cost reduction by outsourcing manufacturing to countries where production cost were low encouraged contractors to mistreat their workers. He believed that, Nike contractors flouted labor laws by paying below subsistence wages that did not enable the workers meet daily needs. The contractors bribed their way out. Ballinger also found Nike’s attitude at the height of these labor practices galling. In 1992, August issue of Harper’s magazine, Ballinger published an annotated pay-stub, comparing workers’ wages with Michael Jordan’s endorsement contract. He noted that it would take an Indonesian worker 44,492 years to make an equivalent of Michael Jordan’s endorsement contract. Other critics, Newspapers (The Portland Oregonian), Protestors, ran critical articles and were vocal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics where they charged Nike with exploitation of factory workers. On July 1996, Life magazine, ran a story of a Pakistan boy stitching a Nike ball a concern about child labor, this prompted calls to endorsers such as Michael Jordan to investigate the source of the products before endorsing them. Critics, such as Ballinger, goals were to draw worldwide attention to the exploitation of third world factory workers by using Nike as the ideal target. Nike responded to the allegations through several ways, through the intervention of President Clinton, Nike was the first company to join the Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP), a taskforce of leaders of apparel and footwear industries whose role was to develop acceptable labor standards for US firms in foreign countries. This committee also included members of activist, labor and religious groups. It was meant to be collaboration between the industry and its most outspoken critics. Nike also set up a labor practices department; this was meant to promoting fair

Health and illness across the lifespan of diabetes Essay

Health and illness across the lifespan of diabetes - Essay Example All countries around the world should ensure proper care on those infected, to improve their lifespan. Diabetic pathophysiology calls for the comprehension of knowledge of the essentials of carbohydrate metabolism and the insulin action. Diabetes would then occur when there is an imbalance between the demand and the processing of the hormone insulin in the body. The bigger picture here is the control of the blood sugar (Katon et al 2013, p. 78). Food taken is broken down into sizeable components. The breaking down of sugars and carbohydrates into glucose gives the body some energy reservoir. A healthy individual would have insulin to regulate the excess sugar in the body. This is the reason as to the explanation of the fall of insulin in the case where the blood glucose level goes down too and vice versa (Chang & Johnson, 2008, p. 90). If insulin production and secretion gets interference from body anomaly, the blood glucose dynamics would definitely change. In the case where glucose penetration into body cells finds a challenge, the resultant effect is hyperglycemia. From the nurse’s desk, many things would make one diabetic. Some like one’s weight, and how one exercises, heart disease, and stroke may get a quick remedy from a nurse. On other occasions, one’s age, family history is not a preventable bite for one to turning diabetic. According to research, there are some groups of individuals prone to getting diabetes (Snoek, & Skinner 2005, p. 88). Among these, people who have close relatives who are diabetic, people over 40 years of age, and those who have periodic high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels or other fats in their body blood. Other vulnerable groups include those individuals who have had prior gestational diabetes or having given birth to a baby that weighed more than 4 kilograms. Those who with some sought of disabilities and those diagnosed with pre-diabetes fall

Asbestos at the Regional Airport in Virginia Essay - 1

Asbestos at the Regional Airport in Virginia - Essay Example Asbestos is the name given to a group of six different fibrous materials (Amosite, Chrysolite, Crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of Tremolite, Actinolite and Anthophyllite) that occur naturally in the environment. The Chrysolite belongs to Serpentine family of minerals, while all of others belong to Amphibole family. All forms of Asbestos are hazardous, and all can cause cancer, but Amphibole forms of asbestos are considered to be more hazardous to health than Chrysolite. Asbestos mineral consists of thin separable fibers having parallel arrangement. Non fibrous forms of Termolite, Actinolite and Anthophyllite found naturally are not considered as fibrous minerals. Chrysolite Known as "White Asbestos" is the predominant commercial form of asbestos. These minerals do not dissolve in water or evaporate and are resistant to heat, fire, chemical and biological degradation. Because of these properties, it has been used in various manufactured products mostly building materials, frict ion products and heat resistant fabrics. Asbestos fiber neither evaporates into ai... It is neither mobile in the soil nor degraded by soil reaction except Chrysolite which solubilises to small extent in acidic environment. Most of the health hazard from Asbestos comes from breathing in suspended particles as the level of Asbestos in urban air is 10 times higher than the rural air. Effect of Asbestos on Human Health: The level of Asbestos in air depends on the extent of its use in insulation, ceiling or floor tiles, or other purposes like electrical insulation, etc. People working with asbestos like insulation workers and abatement workers are more likely to be exposed to the health hazards. The indirect effect of carried away asbestos particles by the workers to the households though dresses and hairs may affect other family members including children. Although it is not soluble in water but drinking water flowing through asbestos pipes containing suspended particles may concern health risk. Respiratory Effects: Deposition of asbestos fibers in the lung can lead to substantial nonneoplastic fibrotic injury and may even cause death. This disease known as pneumoconiosis termed asbestosis, results from a prolonged inflammatory response stimulated by the presence of the fibers in the lung. The magnitude of the risk of lung cancer is usually influenced by the level and duration of exposure, the age of exposure, smoking habit, and time elapsed since exposure and the type and size of the asbestos fibers. Another tissue that may be affected in humans exposed to asbestos in air is the pleura which forms plaques. There is also increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma wherein the cellular immune system in workers results in reduced

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a country is what we call culture. Cultural differences have always existed between friends and families, but when it comes to countries their integration and relations can get a little messy. The European Union has always been known not only by its political and economic fusion, but also as a very diverse cultural union between countries. But when it comes to Turkeys integration to this conglomeration of states, cultural problems have become to be a sensitive barrier preventing their fully incorporation. This problem ranges from Turkeys non-European geographical location, its large and poor population affecting the European Unions financial budget to its diverse and complicated culture compared to the Christian-based EUs culture. Turkey is the only pluralist secular democracy in the Muslim world and has always attached great importance to developing its relations with other European countries. Turkish culture has had a profound impact over much of Eastern and Southern Europe becoming the bridge connecting to different continents, Europe and Asia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Therefore the question simplifies to; until what extend does Turkeys culture affect its entrance to the European Union? The European Union and its new members The European Union is a coalition of twenty-seven independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. This union aims peace, prosperity and freedom for its 948 million citizens in a fairer and safer world. EU also aims to create a new economic growth based on regional specialties and the rich diversity of traditions and cultures. Unity is strength; the process of integration has not smothered the different ways of life, traditions and cultures of its peoples (Europa, 2010). The most important objectives of the EU are to establish European citizenship, guarantee freedom, security and justice, encourage economic and social progress and affirm Europe ´s role in the world. Its integration consists of most of Western Europes countries, being Bulgaria and Romania the two last members to enter EU in 2007. In the candidate list still remains Croatia, Former Yugoslavia Republic and Turkey, being this last one the most controversial case in the EU. Moreover, this confederation of countries makes their decision in treaties; known as primary legislation. These laws are decided by the institutional triangle formed by the Council of Ministers, European Parliament and the European commission. They represent the national governments, the people and a body independent of EU governments. One of the most dominant achievements of the EU is the single market and the economic and monetary union. In the other hand, each citizens of the EU has the right to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. Thanks to the Maastricht Treaty, every citizen of the Union has voice and votes in the local elections of their countries and in the elections to the European Parliament. Every citizen has to feel European with its own culture and education. This is why the EU has a lot of programs to help the people to adapt in the different cultures; We are not bringing together states, we are uniting people, (Monnet, 1952). Turkey and its culture To understand why Turkey has been one of the most controversial cases in the EU, one has to identify its background. Since the beginning its been know that Turkey wanted to be part of European Union. In fact they have 9% of its country inside Europe. Its neighbored to the west with Greece and Bulgaria. This country combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that form their rich and complicated culture. They have been one of the countries that have every extreme of Eastern and Western culture. It all started with the Ottoman system in which they cannot mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire. When the empire fell and the Turkish Republic arose they adapted a unitary approach that forced all of the cultures to mix with each other to make the Turkish national and cultural identity. This was a total failure that derived in more separation between the traditional Muslim cultures versus the cosmopolitan modernity of Istanbul. This gap made a collectivist political culture which is defined by fear of disagreement and disharmony, this derivates in citizen more concern as a group and not as individual justice. Furthermore, another aspect in this type of culture is in the way they dealt with conflict. In this case they have a lot of social division and they are suppressed by dominant elites resolving the entire disputes by the acceptance of authority figures. Since the beginning the Republic was well know as a father state, so this would then point to deep commitment of the people to the state, since fathers are often perceived as incapable of wrong-doing especially by their children, or in this case the Turkish civil society. This conflict in cultural differences has become a barrier to its entrance to the EU, so this past decade Turkey has determine itself to change it to a more Polyarchal political culture. This proposes a more predominant tolerance to religious and political values. Even though its not perfect people started to see the change, especially as the Delegation in European Commission (2007) said Concerning human rights and the protection of minorities, the legal framework to fight against torture and ill-treatment is established. When Turkeys political culture can finally assume the full colors of a Polyarchy, the democratic norms of the EU will be deeply and unshakably embedded in the minds of the Turkish people. In addition, taking in mind the Christian-based Europe it is important to establish that Turkeys Muslim predominance makes a very important impact in the culture. The 99.8% of the population is Muslim. They have a secular government but the religion is a really important factor to look at, because their traditions affects in the way people developed and in the form the government acts. It is a really divided society with a lot of really attached ways of seeing things that makes it a really complicated country. Its the fight between the past and the future. These differences existing in one same culture and country have created a series of debates and concerns from the European Unions part, strongly questioning the candidacy of this half-Asian half-European country. Turkey the eternal European Union Candidate? Turkey is considered to be a country divided by two continents, Europe and Asia. It occupies a small part of southeastern Europe, all of the Anatolian Peninsula, and the rest of it is located in the Asian continent. The official negotiations between Turkey and the Union began in October of 2005, considering Turkey at last as a formal possible member of the EU in the future. Turkeys story with the European Union goes back for years. Since 1963, when it was accepted for the first time as an associated member of the European Community, Turkey has tried to become a full member of this twenty-seven states union that comprises the worlds wealthiest and most successful trading bloc. Even though its intentions where known since the beginning, it wasnt until 1987 that Turkey officially applied for a full membership. Although they did not get what they really had in mind, Turkeys application strengthen their relations, meaning with this that efforts to widen relations intensified on both sides and actions to complete the Customs Union in time began again. Further in time, in 1997 one could say that the Costumes Union was functioning acceptably and that it had demonstrated the ability Turkey had to adjust to the EU standards in many areas, but that didnt prevented the commission to cite numerous political issues as pre-conditions for moving forward their relations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ It is easy to imply that EUs claims, saying that all candidates would be evaluated according to the same objective criteria and that there would be no discrimination in their evaluation, made Turkey find the Commissions approach unjust and prejudicial. It wasnt until 2005 that negotiations formally began and have extended until today with different kinds of issues or excuses from the European Commission. This has given hope to some Turks, as Gluf News said in Turkeys European Membership (2008): No one expects this to happen for at least ten years, but there is no denying that this is a significant moment in European history. No country that has started the process of EU accession has ever failed to be granted membership. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Barriers to Turkeys EU entrance As said before, the relations between Turkey and the EU date back since their application for an association in 1959. The problem of its geographical location is not the only barrier this country is facing when talking about becoming a full-integrated member of the European Union. Some of the arguments against Turkishs membership to the EU include their public opinion progressively turning against EU, arguing that their relations are not based on reciprocity and shared interest. Saying that the EU is known to benefit more than Turkey, seeing from these relations with not established motivation to help Turkey with some of its problems and main worries. Furthermore, Turkeys large and poor population would directly and indirectly be a burden in the financial aspect to the other members, specifically referring to the EU budget, structural funds, flow of Turkish workers, among others. And its important to take in mind that its population would create preference in favor of Turkey in the European Union decision-making, making Turkey, in terms of the number of votes, the second most powerful state. But maybe it can be said that the argument most sensitive centers on the cultural and religious differences existing between Turkey and this agglomeration of states. Cultural and religious mixture is one of the European Union self identities that recognizes and respects variety, but it is well known that Turkeys differences in this subject have been one of the biggest barriers for its entrance. The differences in relations between people and nations and culture can be greater than disparity between groups. Things involved like education, social standing, religion, personality, belief structure, past experiences, affections shown in the home, and countless of other factors affect without doubt human behavior and its relation with other cultures. This specific subject was more and more used as an argument in opposition to Turkeys integration into an organized Europe since at least 1987, when Turkey, already an associate member, made the application for full membership of the European Community. This community, in the direction of a political unit with common democratic decision-making, as the European Union expressed, was based on common decisions according to values. With this it can be said that values are indispensable components of culture. The more cultural diversity there is in an association, the bigger probability there will be that either decisions dont get made or minorities get outvoted by majorities creating with this more problems. Therefore, the importance does not relay on how values, norms or goals are formulated but in the functional performance of the institutions dealing with them. Integrating a different social system is not only an incorporation of norms but also an integration of organizations. When talking about culture, one can say its known as an accessory of a society. Since this twenty-seven state community is not a society but more of an institution of states that represent different societies, it would be a mistake to speak of a culture in the strict sense of the word. One could rather think of a cultural area, maybe Christian-occidental, which linking it to a particular social system must not be done. The Muslim preponderance in Turkey has complicated and slowed down the action process, even though their presence is in the whole Europe, still some argue that given Turkeys Muslim character, Turkey is not even European at all. As R. Michel said (2005): Beneath the thin veneer of the European-identity argument is a deep-seated but seldom acknowledged belief among the European elite that Muslims cannot be fully European. Therefore the performances in music, poetry and arts, is not only what culture includes, but also the circumstances of everyday life. The difference will exist and be noticed, especially in the areas where religious norms and traditions have their impact on everyday life. But, according to the Turks, these are not always extremely important. Discussing Turkishs membership to the EU with reference to cultural and religious factors, it is important to notice that Turkey is known as a secular country, as in a strict separation of religious and states affairs. However, Turkey is not the same as the rest secular countries, saying that the separation concerning the state and religion exist, but the religion is under the control of the government. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize that including Turkey to the process of incorporation to Europe will constitute an answer to one of the most well-known global problems now a days: Islam can co-exist with democracy and secularism. Giving out not only a global message, but also one that would be favorable for the immigrant population that forms the minorities in several EU states. In addition, the human rights record that Turkey has had is another question that has risen regarding to its incision. Turkey, because of its Muslim yet secular standards, has to answer about human rights abuses in the form of inadequate vision of womens rights, unequal rights to the minority Kurds, and even nationalistic legislation of the Turkish Penal Code that reprimands people for insulting Turkishness. Consequently, in views of the tremendous efforts undertaken by the Turkish Government and society to adapt to European standards in all aspects, there is an expectation that in some time an irreversible step towards EU membership will be taken. They state that their society is ready to embrace Europe and that the fact that the ties between Turks living in Europe have helped the mentality in Turkey to change. And finally, besides of all the mess between cultural problems and their entrance to the EU; Turkey would become a bridge between East and West, between Islam and Christianity, between different cultures and civilizations. This country will become an inspiration for all the Muslims in the west, that they have been pushed away by Europe. So in fact it would be a great revelation for the whole world because of the disparity of culture. Its a gun that can backfire, because Europe has always been the rulers above cultures, so giving space in the EU to a Muslim country would change this entire image, and can make them in some way to loose power. To sum up, cultural differences have come to be known as one of the biggest barriers to Turkeys entrances to the EU. Its religion based, traditional and in ways dominant culture have created a fear of cultural disparities in Europeans. Conclusion Once analyzed the different positions that Turkey has played as a EU candidate and the long list of demands this conglomeration of states has asked, it poses a big question mark on the sincerity of the EU about accepting Turkey as a member. None of the member states were given such a long list of ever lasting demands that are not part of the original list of criteria. Given these complicated issues, it seems that many of the EU member states have no intention of embracing Turkey as a member. Having Turkey as a member of the EU offers a vital opportunity to start the process of understandement and support the potentially serious cultural diversity along religious lines; and will decrease the future global problems. In so many ways it would be a factor de win-win but also loose, because the EU need ´s Turkey ´s handwork and borders but they dont need to bring more cultural problems to de EU members. If they accept them they will have to make a full recognition of its multi-cultural diversity and find a way to make them homogeneous. Therefore, Turkish people already in the EU will have a big role to play in this process because they represent the cultural diversity. So the European Union will have to confront and encourage the area of national identity and intercultural relations. As Stephen Twigg (2005) said, the effects of Turkish immigration into the EU are a part of the Unions future. There is no going back to an imagined mono-cultural past that tries to submerge immigrant communities into some imagined pure and homogenous cultural identity As said before and to summarize this, if the European Union really wishes Turkeys future integration its tolerance for cultural diversity and acceptance should be open and acquiescent enough to let this country join its close and exclusive group.

The 1945 Truman Proclamation relating to the right to explore and explo

September 28, 1945 marked the time when the U.S. ventured in the exploitation of sea resources such as oil and gas. President Truman issued a proclamation in favour of the country to explore and exploit these minerals under United States policy (Frazier 2009, p.3). The Truman Proclamation firmly consolidated the distinction between the question of the legal regime governing fisheries resources beyond the territorial sea and the regime governing mineral resources. As far as the legal concept of the continental shelf was concerned, its main characteristics were established as a natural prolongation of the state’s land territory (Currie, Forces & Oosterveld 2007, p.403). The Proclamation established a clear separation between the territorial sea and shelf, in which the coastal state could not extend its sovereignty, but only under its jurisdiction and control. According to Byers (1999, p.91), the Truman Proclamation had been linked to the end of the social and economi c needs of World War II where the development of technology in the United States began to generate national interest in exploration and exploitation of off-shore oil fields. This had very significant legal implications, bearing in mind that for hundreds of years, sea resources had not been exploited under any regulation by any state. Following this proclamation, the U.S. Congress enacted legislation in 1953 in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), which addressed the control of resource exploitation at the continental shelf by both the federal and state authorities. By so doing, the government wanted to ensure that natural resources at the coast and in the sea were exploited but in the right and legal manner. This perhaps would lead t... ...conomic fishing zone (EFZ) and 24 nm for contiguous coastal zones by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (Currier, Forcese & Oosterveld 2007, p.404). This saw the eventual transmission of U.S. views to other parts of the world since the UN had adopted the same laws. In conclusion, the regime of law on the continental shelf convention in regards to exploitation of natural resource was historically developed from President Truman Proclamation. After the US proclaimed it sovereignty to utilize sea’s natural resources, the country embarked on coming up with new laws that sought to ensure control of these sea portions. The Truman Proclamation can be said to have affected many legislative initiatives all over the world with regard to use of the sea subsoil and the waters in general. Most of these legal effects are still felt to hitherto.

Injury Compensation

Workplace injury causes remarkable loss to individual workers, their families, the community, and society. This loss is not only physical and financial, but also psychological and emotional. The prevention and compensation of workplace injury have thus been important issues for both academia and policy-makers. The purpose of The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada, written by Bob Barnetson, is to study how the Canadian government averts and compensates workplace injury, as well as who profits, and how.The first four chapters of the book present study of government’s injury-prevention efforts. The author deduces that the current injury-prevention strategies taken by employers and government are not valuable, the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws not succeed to make workplaces more safe, and employers are able to shift costs to workers through injury. The next three chapters of the book analyzes the compensation injury system in workplaces in Canada and reach es the conclusion that workers’ compensation does not fully reimburse workers for their injuries.Chapter five describes how workers' compensation in Canada came to be, and how it theoretically benefits the employers, workers, and the government. Chapter six discusses the inclination of workers’ compensation boards to limit benefit entitlements and therefore employer costs. Chapter seven investigates how workers’ compensation is used to deal with workers and to limit worker power. The book concludes with Chapter eight.The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada doesn’t merely tell us that workers compensation doesn’t really help workers; it tells us why it doesn’t help and, even more importantly, how come no one fixes it? Mr. Barnetson states in his book, that in most cases, a â€Å"disturbing pattern of bias against workers emerges (Barnetson, 2010, p. 154). † Thousands of Canadian families have been thrown into poverty by sys tem that denies them support. The Worker's Compensation system. One of the strengths of this book, is that Mr.Barnetson does not draw any analytical punches. Writing within a traditional Marxist framework, Mr. Barnetson is able to locate both occupational health and safety and workers' compensation laws and regulations that result from class compromise. This would be: at the turn of the 20th century an increasing number of workplace accidents were initiating dissatisfaction with the productions systems in place. This unhappiness threatened to explode into the political arena and therefore endangered the legitimacy of the Canadian capitalist system.So, the provincial governments began passing ‘workmen's compensation' laws. These laws were to shift attention away from the unsafe and unhealthy labour processes that caused these accidents and injuries while representing a real victory for injured workers and their supporters. Also, they were used â€Å"to put in place a compensat ion adjudication process that spread out accidents and injury such that the causes of accidents were obscured and normalized while injured workers were left to confront a system that individualized and depoliticized their claims (Storey, 2012, p. ). † However, there is one noteworthy criticism. There are places in the book where Professor Barnetson tends to extrapolate or simplify based off one experience in Alberta, or a single study from Ontario or Quebec. It must be understood that there are significant differences between provincial occupational health and safety and workers' compensation legal systems. This does not mean that it is believed that Mr. Barnetson is unaware of such difference.It is to say, though, that keeping dissimilarities in mind can be of highest importance as is the case in the current context. For example, â€Å"the Ontario government and its workers' compensation board are using the financial status of a number of western Canadian workers' compensati on boards to justify fundamental changes in its funding formulae; changes that injured worker advocates claim will have a devastating effect on the level and duration of benefits awarded to injured workers (Storey, 2012, p. ). † Lastly, in his efforts to be all-inclusive in his analysis of the political economy of workplace injury in Canada, it is felt that Professor Barnetson moves along so quickly that it feels like he may lose his audience. If we are to believe his point that injured workers are a minor group who are unable to make specific changes that will better the system, then it is crucial that exercises in political education, are patient with their readers' efforts, in order to grasp the root of the concept.Bibliography Song, X. (2012). The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada (review). Canadian Public Policy38(1), 115-116. University of Toronto Press. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from Project MUSE database. Storey, Robert. (2012, March 22). Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada The Free Library. (2012). Retrieved October 07, 2012 from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada. -a0298292679

From an isolationist nation to a global power essays

From an isolationist nation to a global power essays During the late 1800's and the early 1900's the United States saw historic changes in the way it approached world problems. Before this time period the United States had remained for the most part, an isolationist nation. The changes began as the century neared closing and were historic in their nature. One of the most important contributors to the break out position of a global nation for the United States was the entry into the arms race. While the past had seen concentrations on areas of building the nation to be strong and productive, this time period saw a decision to build arms and out do other nations in the world when it came to strengthening its military forces. The decision and timing of the arms race played a key role in the rise to super power that the United States experienced(ZIONISM AND voxfux.com/features/stranger_than_fiction.htm). By 1916 the world had seen several nations win wars. The Germans, Australians and Turks had been successful in their campaigns. The United States saw what was occurring around the world and realized that without strength and power it would not be long before one of the prevailing nations in the European situation would eye the states as a possible new conquest. In this mind set the administration began to push for funds to build its own military forces and make them strong and powerful(ZIONISM AND voxfux.com/features/stranger_than_fiction.htm). The navy was built up trough the building of many ships and the training of its recruits, while the other services followed suit. As this push to build American military services began the ...

Week 2 Business Information Systems Essays

Week 2 Business Information Systems Essays Week 2 Business Information Systems Essay Week 2 Business Information Systems Essay Essay Topic: Nashville Week 2 Checkpoint – Business Information Systems October 14, 2011. Based on the website www. mifos. org, the Mifos Initiative is a diverse community of microfinance institutions, technology professionals, business people, volunteers and contributors. (2011 Grameen Foundation) This allows developing countries the finance opportunities that the rest of the world has. There is excellent information contained in the website. There is a Mifos Business Intelligence Server that allows countries access to * Clients, groups and centers Loan products loan accounts * Savings products savings accounts * You can search browse for client accounts * Surveys and progress out of poverty tracking office * System users, permissions datascope * Setup, configuration localization * Financial transactions accounting support * Bulk batch processes * Audit trails * Login security * Reports This website allows for the community to become involved and how they can be involved. There is a ton of support which provides information to help people better understand the program and how it works. The support tab provides so much information, that you could figure out just about anything with the program. For example, here is a list of system setups that other people that use the Mifos programs have shared. What is Your System Setup? Share with the community your system requirements so others can know how they should set up their system. MFI | Location | Clients Served | Branches | Server (DB) | Server (App) | OS | Server Connection | Client System Connection | What is this? | Nashville, TN | 250 | I dont know | Apache (CentOS) | Apache (CentOS) | | Who knows? | | Something | Chicago, IL | 500 | 4 | MySQL (Debian) | Nginx (Debian) | | Mongrel | | Test MFI | Seattle | 0 | 0 | Windows | Linux | | 256KBPS | | Jitegemea Credit Scheme | Nairobi, Kenya | 6,500 | 4 | n/a | IBM ThinkCentre MT-M 8326-76G 3. GHz | Windows 2003 Server w/ 10-user License | n/a | n/a | etYdnDyivHhodjFA | New York | WyUbmQwvCI | NzWWaDgcgiXTN | xXsOanpTpNKliH | GBHuxDgS | SUiYSoSBsfUNJ | jLUwJFkqNmhM | wjtMdUTIUqEM | KbWgrrpPbulLTi | gzTvwAaCEWTSwWDSp | RvqxjUiJJiEEhroS | OoQXgctnQMruB | ZsLTKuAOylzCmnB | euvgPEAoSByRzfAa | CLbPYsLkONZya | ESRrIhGBoMzmAwvbe | fgCbnZROK | WlicJlGZcN | yobWPwiMFxiranKpbBz | AAcVOQQP | cxtdjxfpAuX | QsYCrDUOAehbE | jMTPMsZZUZAEgK | BcGPRJwvq | BJWlBHNUDXy | rlGrGJZQW | TyENGScAQhBz | HipdyBHmtSKDK | HjzJWaPIaSUHbJn | ZuPxboWskC | CspIKHSwrLKfbtkUm | kUEJgpFTroaAtWoTww | xPMddRjiwKJMwyZuTgb | ZNVutNOG | PMOqBztof | LeqRNIirlCRoOFGpd | JNUIsIkOCmjJ | CdhakMhvKOa | FaISUgjoyiaDBc | tAnWhjiFmmKJhxprDiq | qWfHKtIa | JWumoAhG | vpINOUykZY | lmRSayyurTOJTDNI | (2011 Grameen Foundation) I think that with the collaboration of the Grameen Foundation and Mifos, some great technological advances have taken place in the world of finance. It is sad that the Grameen Foundations direct involvement with Mifos will conclude at the end of November. References: www. mifos. org 2011 Grameen Foundation

Professional Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional Development - Assignment Example The skill of flexibility within me also helps in developing a positive attitude owing to which I accept fresh challenges with ease and also broadens my thought process owing to the presence of this particular positive attitude in my character. The positive attitude prevents me from becoming demoralised in my work. I also have the tendency to work rigorously as a result of which in spite of several failures in my task, I never intend to always come forward for the reason of attainment of that particular task. The interpersonal skill within me also assists me to make effectual communication with others. I would also like to add in this context that I also possess qualities of a good listener and have the flair of getting along with people well that too owing to my good communication as well as listening skills. Weaknesses The weakness in me is the lack of confidence in work and also while talking to the customers and even my friends or class mates owing to my poor pronunciation. In cer tain instances, this dearth of confidence results in embarrassing me in front of others. This dearth of confidence while communicating with people is my greatest weakness which might hold me back from scaling heights in the profession I am in presently and the one that I wish to pursue in the future, as both calls for the requirement of this skill to a large extent. Thus, to overcome such weakness increased growth in the level of confidence is required which is only possible with the help of regular practice or training. I must focus on my confidence level as it is regarded as essential while dealing with customers in any kind of business along with triggering self-assurance in the competitive environment. I even... The reflective summary of the study has been prepared by taking into consideration the requirement of the development of the needed skills towards the attainment of my career objectives. The SWOT analysis that the researcher conducted on himself helped him to identify the skills that the researcher lack in and the ones that needs honing. Based on that analysis and according to the basis of priority the cognitive skills need to be developed initially. This will entail the need of enhancing the researcher’s listening skills which will further trigger the development of his cognitive skills. The researcher intends to develop this skill within him in the initial three months by way of enrolling myself in the required regular classes that will assist in the development and promotion of this skill. The next aim will be to develop my communication skills which the researcher can start consequently with the development of the earlier mentioned cognitive skills. The researcher will req uire initiating communication with the people present around him without feeling shy. He needs to overlook the aspect of poor pronunciation which restricted or resisted him from communicating with people around him for all this time in order to effectively develop this skill. The researcher will also need to start communicating or strike conversations with the customers coming to his place of work. The researcher’s active participation in the discussions during his course classes will also be a contributing factor for the development of communication skill.

The New age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New age - Essay Example Unlike many other religions that teach man is inherently a sinner unless cleansed, Scientology upholds that man is good. It teaches that man is his own soul that is immortal, and it is not a virtue that he possess, but rather, he is that virtue. Among the many appeals of Scientology is that the faithful believe what they please. It is also an applicable technology that answers questions on life, enabling people to have an insight of who they are (Lewis, 2007). Question Two The key contrasting aspect between religion and science is that religion presents statements that are absolute, while science develops from relative theories and truths of the forces and processes of nature. Religious statements can neither be proved right nor wrong, while scientific theories can bear their own evidence of falsehood or truth. Religion, unlike science, claims to have absolute knowledge on all arguments presented to it. While religious arguments are faith based, an authoritative, scientific theory wi ll demand evidence. It seeks to employ rational and realistic methods to gather information that helps to answer human curiosities and all its claims are open to criticisms that can prove otherwise. On the other hand, religion does not welcome criticism because of its faith foundation. It is mainly based on revelations from a divine being, and criticizing religion is considered a sin since faith does not seek proof. Question Three Globalization is the interaction and integration process between governments, organizations and people of different countries promoted by international investments and trade and encouraged by advances in information technology. It affects the culture, environment and economic trends of communities in the world, while also impacting political systems of all countries trading together. Technology and policy developments have led to tremendous increases in international trade volumes, making them cheaper and moving faster to more destinations. In the same sen se, the failures and shortcomings of humans are exhibited and exchanged among the trading partners because of the increased interconnectedness. In other words, atheism is spreading values that do not contribute towards the flourishing of human moral life. For example, technologies available can be used to sell pornography without easy detection. Human trafficking can also be conducted alongside trade as atheism poses long running challenges to freedom of cultures around the world. Demeaning and false ideas are spread faster than wholesome values and the poor, disabled and elderly become marginalized as atheism does not uphold the value of human life. Question Four Secularism can be viewed in two aspects. First, it is the government principle that gives the right not to be oppressed to any religious group by another one. Secondly, it is the separation of the state and its institutions from religious institutions and dignitaries. In the second sense, it thus implies that citizens are free from state imposed religions and the state takes a neutral stand on belief matters. Political activities of that state are not biased by religious manipulations. It is better for states to remain secular for the sake of practicing democracy. A country with mixed cultures and religion should be allowed to practice their preferred faith without being a nuisance or danger to the society. Question Five The Wicca Church’